| History |
|
|
 |
| 100
|
Tacitus
writes Germania |
| 200
|
Migration
Period begins |
| 300
|
Earliest
runic inscriptions in Denmark |
| 375
|
Ermenrichus king of
the Goth dies. He is the basis for Jormunrek of the
Volsungasaga |
| 436
|
Huns
battle Burgundians |
| 437
|
Burgundian
King Gundaharius dies. He is the basis for the fictional
Gunnar of the Volsungasaga. |
| 449
|
Angles,
Saxons, and Jutes migrate to Britain |
| 450
|
Tune
stone of Ostfold Norway made, has Old German alliterative
line. |
| 453
|
Attila
the Hun dies possibly at the hands of his new wife the
Germanic Ildico, the name a form of Hild (Byock, 19).
Attila is the basis for the fictional Atli of the
Volsungasaga. |
| 500
|
Migration
Period ends |
| 528
|
Hygelac
king of the geats raids frisia and the rhine |
| 550
|
Jordanes
writes History of the Goths |
| 570
|
Danes
raid Frisia |
| 597
|
St.
Augustine begins conversion of Anglo-Saxons |
| 600
|
Statue
of Buddha finds its way to Helgo Sweden |
| 600
|
Uppsala
established |
| 630
|
Sutton
Hoo Ship Burial |
| 700
|
Vendel
Ship Burial |
| 700
|
Frank's
casket made in Anglo-Saxon England depicting Weland (Volund)
the Smith on one panel and the archer Aegili on another. |
| 700
|
Eggjum
rune stone in Sogn Norway created. Its diction
foreshadowing skaldic poetry. |
| 700
|
Beowulf
thought to have been composed. It contains references to
the Volsung legend, the Brisingmen, and Weland / Wayland
(Volund) the smith. |
| 705
|
Foundation
of Ribe on the Jutland peninsula |
| 715
|
Willibrord
leads first Christian mission to Scandinavia. His attempt
to convert the Danes is unsuccessful. |
| 720
|
Angantyr
King of Denmark |
| 737
|
Danevirke
constructed |
| 750
|
Swedish
Vikings establish Staraja Ladoga in Russia |
| 750
|
Foundation
of Birka in Svealand (now Sweden) |
| 770
|
Waldere
composed. Contains reference to Wayland (Volund). |
| 786
|
Paul
the Deacon begins work on Historia Langobardorum which
contains a legend about Woden and Frija. |
| 789
|
Norwegians
Vikings attack Portland England, the first attack on
England |
| 793
|
Vikings
raid Lindisfarne |
| 795
|
First
recorded Viking attacks on Ireland and Scotland |
| 800
|
Earliest
Skaldic poetry |
| 808
|
The
Danish king Godfred sacks the trading center of Reric and
moves all of its traders to Hedeby on the Jutland
peninsula. |
| 810
|
Godfred,
King of Denmark, dies |
| 810
|
Danish
attack Frisia and impose tribute |
| 820
|
Oseberg
ship built |
| 826
|
Danish
King Harald Klak converted to Christianity. He is
baptized at Mainz and is accompanied by Anskar on his
return to Denmark. |
| 827
|
Harald
Klak expelled from Denmark |
| 829
|
Anskar's
first mission to Birka |
| 839
|
Swedish
Vikings reach Constantinople |
| 839
|
Vikings
attack the Picts |
| 841
|
Viking
base Dublin established |
| 843
|
Frisia
comes under Viking control |
| 844
|
First
Viking raid on Spain |
| 845
|
Pagan
uprising causes missionaries to leave Birka |
| 850
|
The
Danish king Horik I allows Anskar to build churches at
Ribe and Hedeby |
| 860
|
Swedish
Vikings, the Rus attack Constantinople |
| 862
|
Rurik
becomes ruler of Novgorod |
| 862
|
Finns
and Slavs invite Rurik and the Rus to rule over them |
| 865
|
Anskar
dies |
| 866
|
Danes
occupy York |
| 866
|
Vikings
from Ireland and Scotland make Picts pay tribute |
| 869
|
Edmund,
king of East Anglia is killed by Vikings |
| 870
|
Vikings
begin settling Iceland |
| 870
|
Halfdan
King of Denmark |
| 871
|
Vikings
winter in London |
| 873
|
Ivar,
king of the norse in Ireland, the Hebrides, and Scotland,
dies |
| 879
|
Rurik
dies in Russia, Oleg assumes rule |
| 880
|
Oleg
rules Kiev |
| 880
|
Harald
Finehair / Fairhair King of all Norway |
| 895
|
Gokstad
ship built |
| 896
|
Viking
army in England breaks up with some members staying in
England to live. |
| 900
|
Time
of Thjodolf of Hvinir a poet of King Harald Finehair. He
composed the Ynglinga Tal and Haustlong. |
| 900
|
Helgi
King of Denmark dies |
| 902
|
Vikings
expelled from Dublin |
| 911
|
Rollo
founds Normandy |
| 917
|
Vikings
recapture Dublin |
| 919
|
Ragnald,
grandson of Ivar of Dublin, gains control of York |
| 930
|
Erik
Bloodaxe King of Norway |
| 930
|
Eyvind
Skaldaspillir, skald to Norwegian kings Harald Fairhair
and Hakon the Good |
| 936
|
Hakon
the Good King of Norway |
| 937
|
English
defeat Norse-Scottish alliance at battle of Brunanburh |
| 940
|
Gorm
the Old King of Denmark |
| 944
|
The
Irish sack Dublin |
| 954
|
End
of Viking kingdom of York when Erik Bloodaxe killed |
| 958
|
Harald
Bluetooth King of Denmark |
| 960
|
Harald
Greycloak becomes King of Norway |
| 961
|
Viking
raids in Wales begin. |
| 965
|
Harald
Bluetooth converts Danes to Christianity |
| 970
|
Norway
falls under Danish rule |
| 974
|
Hedeby
comes under German occupation until 983. |
| 975
|
Exeter
Book copied, contains the poem Deor which has a reference
to Welend (Volund) the smith. |
| 980
|
Varangian
guard formed at Constantinople |
| 985
|
Erik
the Red sails from Iceland with a group of settlers
headed to Greenland. |
| 987
|
Svein
Forkbeard King of Denmark |
| 988
|
Vladimir
of Kiev converts to Christianity |
| 990
|
Einar
Skalaglamm was a skald of Earl Hakon of Hladir who ruled
Norway until 995. Einar was a friend of Egil
Skallagrimsson. |
| 990
|
Egil
Skallagrimsson dies |
| 991
|
Olaf
Tryggvason defeats English at Maldon |
| 992
|
Ibn
Fablan witnesses Rus funeral rites |
| 995
|
Olaf
Tryggvason becomes king of Norway |
| 1000
|
Conversion
of Iceland to Christianity |
| 1000
|
Earliest
Swedish runic inscriptions |
| 1000
|
Leif
Erikson winters in Vinland |
| 1000
|
Runestone
in Sweden depicts Sigurd roasting Fafnir's heart. |
| 1014
|
Brian
Boru defeats Norse |
| 1015
|
Olaf
Haraldson (St. Olaf) becomes king of Norway |
| 1016
|
Begin
King Cnut the Great's rule over England |
| 1019
|
Cnut
the Great King of Denmark |
| 1030
|
Svein
Alfivason becomes King of Norway |
| 1035
|
Earl
Thorfinn of Orkney wins control over most of Northern
Scotland |
| 1035
|
Harthacnut
King of Denmark |
| 1035
|
Magnus
the Good becomes king of Norway |
| 1042
|
End
of Danish rule in England |
| 1042
|
Magnus
the good King of Denmark, becomes King of Norwary in 1035
|
| 1043
|
Last
Rus attack on Constantinople |
| 1045
|
Harald
Hardrada becomes king of Norway |
| 1052
|
Diarmait
takes Dublin |
| 1066
|
Harold
Hardrada killed at Stamford Bridge |
| 1066
|
Magnus
II becomes king of Norway |
| 1075
|
Adam
of Bremen writes Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae
Pontificum which includes description of the rituals
performed at Uppsala |
| 1080
|
Pagan
ceremonies at Uppsala,Sweden end |
| 1100
|
Welsh
poetry with close parallels to skaldic lines |
| 1125
|
Icelandic
Book of Settlements written |
| 1169
|
Danes
expand into Baltic |
| 1185
|
The
Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus written |
| 1195
|
Nibelungenlied
written |
| 1200
|
Saga
of the Volsungs written down. The only manuscript in
existence dates from ca 1400. |
| 1210
|
Oldest
Icelandic family sagas written. |
| 1220
|
Prose
Edda written |
| 1230
|
Egils
Saga written possibly by Snorri Sturluson |
| 1240
|
Heimskringla
written by Snorri Struluson |
| 1240
|
Codex
Regius manuscript of the Poetic Edda written |
| 1245
|
Kormaks
Saga written |
| 1245
|
Laxdaela
Saga written |
| 1250
|
Swedish
Lawbooks written down, they are in alliterative form |
| 1261
|
Greenland
comes under Norwegian rule |
| 1263
|
Iceland
comes under Norwegian rule |
| 1266
|
Norway
cedes Isle of Man and Hebrides to Scotland |
| 1271
|
End
of the Rus Rurik dynasty |
| 1300
|
Grettir's
Saga and Sturlunga Saga created |
| 1330
|
Hauksbok
written |
| 1370
|
Flateyjabok
written |
| 1469
|
Denmark
cedes Orkney and Shetland to Scotland |
| 1480
|
Last
Norse Greenland colony becomes extinct |
